There are three broad groups of agents which are proven to cause cancer of the mouth, namely physical, chemical and viral. But exposure to these agents (called carcinogens), does not necessarily result in the development of a tumour because several genetic (familial), dietary, hormonal and sex-related factors are known to modulate the process.

It is said that every day over 2,500 persons die of cancer the world over. A significant number of cancer victims exhibit the disease in the head and neck regions and alert dentists are frequently the first to detect the condition. But this should not be the case. The patients themselves should be the first to note the incipient tumour.

One needs to know certain important points about cancer in general and oral cancer in particular. This is especially so since despite there not being a cure for it, prevention is obviously crucial. In addition, appropriate measures taken when the growth is being ensconced will go a far way in mitigating the result. The following notes will epitomize the disease.

Cancer usually attacks persons above 40 years old. Almost every cancer that affects the mouth starts as a surface lesion. This means that it can be seen right away. Twice as many men as women get mouth cancer and it takes about five years to develop to the killing stage. At that point in time around half the victims die.

The two most common areas in the mouth that acquire cancer are the sides and upper surface of the tongue. For some reason, the gums almost never get affected.

Although the exact cause of oral cancer remains unknown, tobacco and alcohol have been proven to be the most important contributing factors. Over 30 carcinogens exist in cigarette and marijuana smoke. In one study 97 percent of the victims with oral cancer smoked. The risk is reduced when the cigarette carries a filter. But it increases greatly with alcohol abuse. In other words, the combined habits of smoking and drinking alcohol increase cancer risk dramatically.

Chronic mechanical irritation to the oral tissues due to sharp parts of dentures, irregular or sharp teeth or fillings, food burns ( hot coffee), spicy food, poor oral hygiene and a many of other physical agents have been implicated as possible factors in susceptible people as a cause of mouth cancer.

About 25 signs and symptoms indicate the beginning of a cancerous lesion. In general, any change in appearance or sensation not previously experienced or detected should be examined by a duly qualified professional. Sometimes symptoms include bleeding, swellings, a crust on the lip, a rough spot, pain, taste changes, numbness, chronic cough, hoarseness and dry mouth. Signs may include a red patch, chronic ulcers or bluish/brownish-black lesions. Remember it is better to suspect any abnormality than not to. Take nothing for granted. The stakes are too high.