The letter had found substantial support in the scholarly research of renowned Guyanese historian Dr. Walter Rodney – whose brutal dispatch in June1980 had shunted Guyana further off the course of stable nationhood – that migration between the two countries was not alone a 21st century phenomenon. Its heaviest flows were during the 19th century, and every time the tap of human movement was turned on, it was Barbadians heading southward, down to Demerara and away from the excruciating poverty and lack of opportunity for Blacks in their homeland.

Indeed, truth be told, Barbadians benefited the more from such movement and relocation. And in the fullness of time, when West Indian nations wake up to the reality of their smallness (both physically and population-wise) and to the true nature of global power, it is to Guyana, with its great bulk and inexhaustible natural resources, that they will most likely longingly look for community. Of great importance, too, is the fact that merely a chink now remains of the previously open doors to metropolitan centres of traditional Barbadian migrant flows.

Had I not been closely observing and analyzing the domestic situation in Barbados, and noting the worrying scenarios unfolding just about everywhere else in Anglo-Caribbean jurisdictions, I would still have had clanging in my ears the warning sounded to the Region, 34 years ago by Sir Shridath Ramphal as he took leave of us at “Iron Shores” on the Jamaican North Coast to become the London-based new Secretary General of the Commonwealth.

“The people of the Caribbean must be careful”, he had said, and not relax in our commitment to community. “We must be careful to strengthen our bonds lest the sea which we believe is the uniting force between us becomes the instrument that increasingly separates us. We must be careful and work steadfastly to strengthen our unity, for if not, in the face of difficulties – and challenges there will be – it is into our separateness that we shall regrettably retreat.”

We now find ourselves in the throes of the most serious global recession in almost a century, and Barbados (perhaps, others are tempted too) seeks to self-preserve by kicking out the “furriners”… and ‘community’ finds itself further undermined. To recall Sir Shridath again: “If we are not sufficiently committed and careful, when challenges descend, it is to our separateness that we shall retreat.”

Now, almost a lifetime after ‘Iron Shores’ we are still swimming in a swirling sea of uncertainty and leaving the world to wonder – whither CARICOM? 

CRICKET, UWI CDB
Years ago I used to speak with deep pride to officials overseas about the three outstanding institutions of the Caribbean: West Indies Cricket Team, University of the West Indies and Caribbean Development Bank: now the team grovels below the heel of lowly Bangladesh; and distinguished novelist Dr. George Lamming referred late July to the UWI in tormented tones, with campuses virtually nationalized and what was a regional treasure now descending into becoming just a collection of national polytechnics. Only the CDB so far remains true to its original character.

I chose in the 2007 letter to the “Sunday Sun” to end unspecifically, and now there is need to quote that final paragraph, with all its meaningful vagueness: “But I suspect that there are other factors in this issue that may be considered much too sensitive for general public debate”.

I did not wish at the time to delve into issues of ethnicity which under-girded the rising tide of intolerance of Guyanese migrants, although it was about the same fears, though with a difference in source, that the entertainer Mac Fingall about a quarter of a century ago had composed and sung a popular Crop-Over season calypso; the only difference being that he had anticipated a virtual economic takeover by immigrants from the east, whereas the current flow is in fact coming from the south.

COMPLEX MATTER
The more recent Guyanese inflow is a complex matter, about which Bajans had until now been speaking only in hushed tones, whispers. They treasure their island’s stability and tranquility, projecting the phenomenon of two peoples living together, but separately, a homogeneity that is heterogenous. That has long been the secret to Barbados’ success. And they do not want Guyanese, especially Guyanese ‘East Indians’, to come in and spoil what they treasure.

A look at any issue of the “Sunday Sun” will likely present evidence of that to which I am referring – two cultures, side by side, in peace: a happy co-existence. As examples, take the issues of July 12 and 19 when I was in Barbados – absolutely homogenous. From the corporate supplements, through the promotional advertisements and throughout the social notices (death announcements and such like) 100% Black Barbadians.  And the stranger might ask: don’t White people celebrate, or die, in Barbados?

The estimated 5% White Barbadians in the population exist at peace in their own space and, in a sense, live their own culture – an exalted invisibility, though the opposite suggests itself when one attends a concert by  that group of white Barbadian musicians known as “The Merrymen”. I tend not to miss such performances both because I rate Emile Straker, the lead singer, among the world’s top performers, an exceptional whistler and Barbados’ leading folk singer, and because I go through the process each time of a virtual head count. Only few Black Bajans usually attend.

UNIQUE ENVIRONMENT
Thus Barbados presents a unique social environment that in its own way has managed to avoid the open racial animosities and consequential upheavals that are tearing apart so many other mixed societies, Guyana being a distressing example.  It is into this tried and tested Bajan formula of shared existence that have stepped Guyanese of different races, different classes, different types, and at different times.

During the latter part of the 20th century, with the rise of one-party dominance by the People’s National Congress of Forbes Burnham and near collapse of the Guyana economy, the country lost a significant proportion of its middle class families, through migration. Most went to the far north (USA, Canada, England), a few to Australia and New Zealand, and those who wished not to leave the Region relocated in Barbados and some of the other islands.

Most who came to Barbados were qualified, able, not seen as challenging nationals for local jobs, for many were absorbed in such regional institutions as the University of the West Indies, Caribbean Association of Industry and Commerce, Caribbean Conference of Churches, Caribbean Examinations Council, Caribbean News Agency, Caribbean Development Bank, and so on; and the great majority of these were Black.

Not so the most recent flows, of essentially low-income workers, though many highly skilled in the trades and with experience in agriculture. Others were taking jobs like cutting sugar cane that Barbadians were turning their backs upon, and many found themselves at the mercy of exploitative contractors and accommodation providers; and, of course, with most of them being East Indians, the new flow had no claims to make – as some of their Black countrymen could – of having descended from Barbadian migrants to Guyana.

CARICOM’s protection does not yet extend to them, only to specific categories of skilled and academically qualified West Indians. So when a recession bites into domestic prosperity and employment/wages begin to contract, the crunch will come, especially with a comparatively new government under considerable pressure to perform.

Generally, there long has been a sensitivity within some segments of the Barbadian population to the sharing of their space with non-nationals, even to the point of a miscomprehension of the importance of the services sector to the national economy. So, it is not Guyanese alone to whom they are becoming intolerant, but Guyanese present a peculiar problem, competing, as I have said, with often superior skills at the lower end of the jobs market, and at weekends providing in many cases better and cheaper fruits and vegetables than local sellers at public vending areas.

There is another issue which has burgeoned in recent years and is critical to the image of Guyanese in Barbados, and always highlighted by the Media. Strong surveillance and interdiction by the United States and northern Caribbean authorities have forced a re-routing of substantial quantities of cocaine from Colombia through Guyana where surveillance has been weak and corruption endemic.

Though precise quantification is difficult, the Barbadian authorities know that Guyanese couriers or ‘mules’ bring some of it into the island. What percentage of it escapes detection on entry is very difficult to tell. What is undeniable is that Guyanese have been helping to prime the illegal drugs trade in Barbados.

CONTINUING PROBLEM
There has also been a continuing problem of stolen Barbados passports, especially those that can facilitate entry to the USA and Canada, with the perpetrators changing photographs and other required information and on-passing to recipients for a reported US$15,000 each. Today’s technology reaches everywhere and facilitates everything.

From information to which one has access, there is the impression that some transient Guyanese criminal elements (from other countries, too) come into Barbados, assess it as a society that is stable, relatively still open and trusting and thus ripe for the plucking. Indeed, poor-quality gold jewelry is still being palmed off on the unsuspecting as18-carat and at high prices.

And in my own experience, it was a Guyanese contractor who in 2007 disappeared with a $10,000 deposit for construction work; and it was to the Barbados police and court system that I had to resort in 2008 for apprehension and restitution.

Then there is the question of prostitution, not alone by Guyanese for there are other Caribbean nationals (not always English-speaking) who come in specifically for that, but such activity by a few Guyanese further tarnishes the image of Guyana.

Another matter which I believed ruffled Barbadian sensitivity and heightened intolerance was one over which I differed years ago with the Guyana representative in Barbados. He considered it part of the process of desired integration; I deemed it unwholesome exhibitionism, an in-your-face kind of thing, against which I felt the Barbadians would stiffen their backs. And I think they have.

A FIXTURE
Guyana’s anniversaries and festivals became highly celebratory on Barbadian public beaches and other places, and a vocal red-shirted contingent of working class Guyanese in Barbados became a fixture in the island’s annual May Day parade… IN YOUR FACE. 

One local ‘landscaper’ (he weeds yards) made the following wry post-May Day comment to me two years ago: “ Oi didn’t know there were so many of yo-all in Barbados”… and that suggested a creeping, festering annoyance.

In recent times one was the more likely to encounter more frequently a new breed of Guyanese (of both races), crude, coarse, loud and vulgar, with expletives peppering their normal language, and a poor sense of hygiene in their domestic surroundings. Indeed, in the area where I am I myself have had to change my accustomed route to the sea-side which had coursed through where migrants rent high-cost rooms but has become unsanitary and smelly. Their middle-class Barbadian neighbours cannot be comfortable about the changed conditions near their lovely homes.

Small wonder that immigration officials rounding up Guyanese illegals in pre-dawn darkness, and deporting without the kindness of at least allowing them to gather their possessions, have not generated any widespread public condemnation here.

Generally, over the years Guyanese migrants in Barbados, legal and illegal, have lived relatively unmolested, and came ‘acropper’ (as the English would say) only if they ran foul of the law; that is, until this new dispensation by the current government.

I write this article as a keen observer, but I too am involved, for though I first came to live in Barbados in 1977 I yet have no status here, because I am a CARICOM national living in a CARICOM state which has always declared its firm commitment to CARICOM ideals. But, of course, that is not the law. Yet I have existed completely untroubled. So, deciding that in the face of the current clean-up campaign, I should do something about myself, I went to the Immigration Department mid-July and declared to the officer that I was one of the Guyanese ‘illegals.’

During a meeting lasting about 30 minutes, I was persuaded that I was not an illegal, advised as to the areas of eligibility, and directed as to the process towards applying for and acquiring legal status.

MISCONCEPTIONS
Two misconceptions which are generally widely held by non-nationals in Barbados were discussed during the meeting:

(1)  That Guyanese whose fore-parents were/are Barbadians can on that basis become citizens of Barbados, once not disqualified by any deficiency (criminal record, etc.); and

(2)  That Guyanese (or any other non-national) living illegally in Barbados for 8 or more years can apply to regularize their situation under an amnesty announced by the Government.

In (1), fore-parents is a misnomer. Eligibility will devolve only if an applicant is the son or daughter of a Barbadian citizen (man or woman), In other words, eligibility is to first-generation descendants; and in (2) residency on the island is not cumulative, so when I said to the officer that I had first arrived to live in Barbados in 1977, he considered all the facts and declared “You are not an illegal, nor do you qualify under the amnesty, because, in fact, you have not been living in Barbados – legally nor illegally.

“Every time you exit – and these have been numerous – and come back in, that is not a return, but a new entry; so having come through the airport on July 8, the immigration officer there would have given you as a CARICOM national permission to stay three months in Barbados (in fact, my Guyana passport shows 30 days), with the right to apply for a further three months… So, at this point in time you are in the country legally.”